ISO/TR 11371:2013 gives guidelines for the laboratory refining of various pulps intended for paper production including unifying terms and parameters for the simulation of industrial refining processes and laboratory refiners, treating pulp samples in a (semi) continuous operation in contrast to quasi-stationary laboratory beating equipment such as the PFI mill or Valley Hollander, evaluation of chemical market pulps under close-to-reality conditions in terms of refining intensity and refining energy consumption, optimizing of fibre furnishes in terms of cost, quality, and energy requirements, and this Technical Report only considers refiners operating at low consistency.