Recommendations are given for member proportions, confinement of the column core in the joint region, control of joint shear stress, ratio of column-to-beam flexural strength at the connection, development of reinforcing bars, and details of columns and beams framing into the joint. Normal type is used for recommendations. Commentary is provided in italics to amplify the recommendations an identify available reference material.


The recommendations are based on laboratory testing and field studies and provide a state-of-the-art summary of current information. Areas needing research are identified. Design examples are presented to illustrate the use of the design recommendations.