This report provides information for those involved in
concrete design and construction so they are familiar with
the factors involved in the effective use of nanomaterials and
nanotechnology. This document is not intended as a primary
reference source for researchers. Rather, it is aimed at engineers
and architects who wish to gain further understanding
of the effects of nanomaterials and nanoadditives being used
or proposed for application in concrete.

Application of available technology is demonstrated for a
range of nanoconcrete structures to show that technological
risks are at a known and acceptable level and high industry
standards maintained. An overview reports on the main
developments in the fields of nanotechnology and nanoscience
that are related to concrete, along with their implications
and key findings. Factors affecting performance of
fresh and hardened concrete are discussed to enable those
involved in the evaluation and formulation of concrete
mixtures to determine the effects of these factors.

The potential of nanotechnology to improve concrete
performance can lead to the development of novel, sustainable,
advanced cement-based composites with unique
mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. New developments
have already taken place in nanoengineering and
nanomodification of concrete. Current challenges, including
proper dispersion, compatibility of the nanomaterials in
cement, processing, manufacturing, safety, handling issues,
and cost all need to be solved before the complete potential
of nanotechnology can be realized in concrete applications.
Additionally, introduction of these novel materials into the
construction practice requires an evaluation and understanding
of their potential impact on the environment and
human health.