Network management controls provide the means to alter the flow of traffic in the network in support of the network management entities given in ITU-T Rec. E.410. Most network management controls are taken by or in the exchange (see ITU-T Rec. Q.542), but certain actions can be taken external to exchange. This Recommendation provides specific information on network management controls and gives guidance concerning their application. However, it should be noted that the suggested use for each network management control is given only for the purpose of illustration. Other controls, separately or in combination, may be more appropriate in any given situation.